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| | Ainu - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch |
 | | They believe their spirits are immortal, and that their spirits will be rewarded hereafter by ascending to kamui mosir (Land of the Gods) or punished in hell. | | | Never shaving after a certain age, the men have full beards and moustaches. | | | Harukor: An Ainu Woman's Tale (Voices from Asia, 10) |
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http://encyclopedia.worldsearch.com/ainu.htm
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| | This Ainu bear is the earthly manifestation of the head of the mountain gods, Chira-Mante-Kamui; his bear form is his disguise when visiting the earth. | | | The origins of the Ainu have been a puzzle to physical anthropologists since they were first observed by Westerners in the late nineteenth century. | | | The Ainu practiced an elaborate bear cult into the 1920s which immediately calls to mind the Paleolithic bear cult and the epiphany of the Great Goddess as Bear Mother. |
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http://www.bears.org/spirit/ainumyth.html
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| | The reason why John Bachelor made his mind to work for the Ainu as follows |
| | The first was to teach Ainu Christianity, the second was to make them know the generosity, mercy and light of the God, the third was to inform Japanese people of Ainu religion and language because they did not now know them. | | | In 1804 there was a kind of Ainu dictionary, which collected about 2,500 words with Japanese translation classified into the heaven, characters, plants, animals and birds, tools and postpositional word functioning as an auxiliary to a main word. | | | Batchelor took Chamberlain to Ainu villages, which was beneficial to publishing a book on Ainu. |
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http://www2s.biglobe.ne.jp/~matu-emk/bachel.html
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| | Introduction |
| | Besides the cult of the bear, which is definitely of Siberian origin, the Ainu also had the cult of the snake, which definitely preceded the former. | | | The influence of Naertís work was great, so the genetic relation of the Ainu language and Indo-European was common knowledge among linguists at Naertís time. | | | Another theory of Ainuís affiliation is the Altaic hypothesis. |
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http://linguistics.byu.edu/classes/ling450ch/reports/ainu.htm
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| | He spent more than sixty years among the Ainu and wrote a dictionary and a grammar of the Ainu language, several books on Ainu culture, and he translated numerous biblical works into Ainu. | | | When Nevsky finally returned to his home country in 1929, he worked on the Tangut language, but in 1937 he was arrested and accused of being a spy for Japan. | | | To edit and translate Ainu texts collected by me 1980-1986 and to include them in a revised edition of my book on the Ainu language from 1886 |
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http://www.hku.hk/rss/res_proj/21/21.htm
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| | The Ainu Language |
| | Nakagawa, Hiroshi, Yukiko Shiga and Osami Okuda, "Ainu literature", Iwanami Lectures on the History of Japanese Literature, Vol.17, Oral Literature II: Ainu Literature, Tokyo: Iwanami Syoten, pp.183-263, 1997. | | | Okuda, Osami, "Ainu Oral Literature", Kobashi, Nobutaka, Sukeyuki Miura and Asao Mori(?) Lectures on Ancient Literature, vol. | | | Kirikae, Hideo, "An Ainu Folk Tale in the Tokachi Dialect: A Boy from Otasut Who Swims Pulling an Island. |
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http://www.tooyoo.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ichel/archive/ainu.html
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| | Kutune Shirka, Arthur Waley tr. |
| | This is true also of Ainu folk-tales and almost all their narrative literature. | | | The epic as we possess it today was written down in European script by the Japanese professor Kindaichi during the ’twenties of the 20th century, and published in 1932. | | | Wakarpa, the old blind Ainu from whom he got the epic died before the book came out. |
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http://www.sacred-texts.com/shi/ainu/kutune.htm
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| | The Ainu, their Land & Culture |
| | among the Ainu and neighbors the Gilyaks [Nivkh], Goldi and Orochi as described in Frazer's The Golden Bough and the | | | an Ainu story, observations on the natural wealth of their world, and a photo of an Ainu native dance | | | anthropologist C. Loring Brace proposes that the Samurai descended from the Ainu, not the Yayoi people |
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http://www.workingdogweb.com/Ainu.htm
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| | Japanese Ancient History and Ainu Language |
| | It is even astonishing why these serious scholars did not look at their own foot step, Ainu language. | | | Very brief description about their works is given in Page 6. | | | For those who are interested in this sort of subject, please proceed to Page 2. |
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http://www.dai3gen.net/epage1.htm
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| | Ainu language and Japan's Ancient History |
| | Found an English translation of a good book about Ainu language. | | | A Kojiki tale interpretted in Ainu discloses a shining charm. | | | Ainu as a descendent language of Jomon Language. |
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http://www.dai3gen.net/epage0.htm
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| | East Asian Studies 210 Notes: Nivkh/Negidal |
| | Linguists consider Ainu to be virtually extinct, though some older people retain a knowledge of it (the last completely fluent speaker is reported to have died in the 1960's). | | | A clan would capture a bear cub and raise it to a certain age, wherupon they would ritually sacrifice it during a solemn ceremony that has come to be known in ethnographic literature as the Bear Festival. | | | The Ainu revered the bear as a type of god who came to people to deliver its meat. |
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http://pandora.cii.wwu.edu/vajda/ea210/ainuNivkh.htm
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| | Ainu Religion History - Ainu Religion Information |
| | Most beings in the Ainu universe have a soul, and its presence is most conspicuous when it leaves the body of the owner. | | | Their hunting-gathering way of life was discontinued with the encroachment of the Russians and the Japanese during the latter half of the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century. | | | An important concept in the Ainu belief system is the soul. |
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http://www.bookrags.com/other/religion/ainu-religion-eorl-01.html
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| | TIMEasia.com From Sapporo to Surabaya Meeting the First Inhabitants 8/21/2000 |
| | Younger Ainu are enrolling in language classes to learn traditional songs and folk tales. | | | "Now there are young people coming forward who are saying 'I'm proud to be Ainu.'" | | | But some Ainu believe the spirits will never find peace until they are reinterred at their home villages, and they want the university to pay for it. |
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http://www.time.com/time/asia/features/ontheroad/japan.sapporo.ainu.html
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| | Shinto Documents |
| | This is another collection of Ainu folktales, by a Christian missionary who lived among them for many years; these translations are considered primary source material to this day. | | | Kutune Shirka, The Ainu Epic translated by Arthur Waley [1953] | | | Specimens of Ainu Folk-lore by John Batchelor [1888-1893] |
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http://www.sacred-texts.com/shi/ainu/index.htm
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| | Open Directory - Regional: Asia: Japan: Society and Culture: Ancient Cultures: Ainu |
| | The Samurai and the Ainu - Brief discussion of racial differences from Science Frontiers October 1989. | | | Ainu-English Word List - List of common Ainu words and their English translations. | | | John Bachelor - Life story of John Batchelor (1854-1944), an English missionary who became the first westerner to learn the Ainu language, record its grammar in English, and make the Ainu known to the western world. |
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http://dmoz.org/Regional/Asia/Japan/Society_and_Culture/Ancient_Cultures/Ainu
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| | Japanese Ancient History and Ainu Language |
| | I'd like to show a few samples of possible Ainu words that appeared in Japan's Ancient History books, such as Kojiki, Nihon Shoki and Fudoki. | | | This selfapparent similarity has been mentioned by quite a few books already. | | | Now, in Ainu language, there is a word, "pis", which means a shore. |
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http://www.dai3gen.net/epage2.htm
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| | THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLES |
| | The applique decoration is round the collar, the cuffs of the sleeves and on the hem. | | | This, according to Ainu belief, protected against the influence of evil spirits. | | | A bear, according to Sakhalin people's belief, was a mountain man, or spirit. |
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http://museum.sakh.com/eng/10.shtml
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| | Untitled Document |
| | The word "Ainu" refers to the opposite of these gods. | | | Ainu who lived in Hokkaido, the Kurile Islands and Sakhalin were called "Hokkaido Ainu", "Kurile Ainu" and "Sakhalin Ainu"respectively. | | | Ainu language classes are being held in various parts of Hokkaido. |
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http://www.ainu-museum.or.jp/english/eng01.html
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| | The Ainu language and Esperanto |
| | I introduce "KAMUY YUKAR which are verse tales of Ainu people and Ainu language newspapers" in Japanese and Esperanto. | | | Ainu Shin'yooshuu (Collection of Ainu Sacred Songs) and Esperanto | | | From the viewpoint such the right of language and the diversity of a language, "Ainu Shin'yooshuu (Collection of Ainu Sacred Songs) and Esperanto" and "An Ainu language newspaper and Esperanto " are introduced in Japanese and Esperanto on this page. |
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http://members.at.infoseek.co.jp/kumanesir/inpaku/index-en.html
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| | Literatures and Materials of Ainu Language: for Learners |
| | The romance of the bear god : Ainu folktales, Taishukan Shoten. | | | Materials for the Study of the Ainu Language and Folklore, Cracow, Imperial Academy of Sciences, (reprinted in 1996) The Ainu Library Collection 1, Vol.1. | | | Philippi, Donald L. Songs of Gods, Songs of Humans: The Epic Tradition of the Ainu, University of Tokyo Press (WWW site in Japanese). |
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http://jinbunweb.sgu.ac.jp/~ainu/biblio/european.html
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| | Ainu Dogs, Dog Breed Information Center®, Dog Breeders, Dogs, Puppies, Ainu Dog, Hokkaido Dog, Ainu-Ken, Hokkaido Dog, ... |
| | Its eyes are somewhat small, dark brown and set triangularly. | | | This breed should not be allowed to run free around other animals. | | | Despite its long history as a working breed, the Ainu Dog ideally combines the roles of family pet and hunter. |
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http://www.dogbreedinfo.com/ainudog.htm
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| | NOVA Online Island of the Spirits Origins of the Ainu |
| | The site is contemporaneous with the medieval Japanese to the south, who had been forging a nation-state for several centuries. | | | Archeologists and historians have long described the Ainu, like the Jomon, as hunter-fisher-collectors and, because the two peoples lived in the same region, they had few qualms about assuming the Ainu were living representatives of Jomon culture. | | | Continue: The Relationship between the Jomon and the Ainu |
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http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/hokkaido/ainu.html
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| | NodeWorks - Encyclopedia: Ainu language |
| | The Unicode character range Katakana Phonetic Extensions (31F0-31FF) [1], [1] includes katakana characters mainly for the Ainu language. | | | Ainu syllables are CV(C) and there are few consonant clusters. | | | Ainu is thought to be a language isolate with no known relation to other languages. |
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http://pedia.nodeworks.com/A/AI/AIN/Ainu_language
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| | Specimens of Ainu Folk-lore - Index |
| | A Legend of Okikurumi and His Wife Teaching the Ainu How to Fell Trees. | | | He is also mildly condescending toward his subjects, but unlike the book Aino Folk-Tales, also posted at sacred-texts, the author of this collection shows at times a genuine appreciation for the Ainu as people and for their yukar as literature. | | | John Batchelor was an Englishman and a missionary to the Ainu for a large part of his life. |
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http://www.sacred-texts.com/shi/safl
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| | Aino Folk-Tales - Index |
| | (He also translated the Shinto classic Kojiki.) Like many philologists, his interest in the Ainu was purely academic, centering mainly on the light that knowledge of the Ainu could shed on Japanese place-names and prehistory. | | | This view is held up by the fact that the Ainu generally do not look Japanese, by the apparently radical differences between the two languages, and by the large number of Ainu place-names in Japan proper. | | | Like many of the Japanese among whom he lived and worked, his opinion of the Ainu was quite mean, and his comments in the Prefatory Remarks sound downright inflammatory today, a fine specimen of Victorian racism. |
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http://www.sacred-texts.com/shi/aft
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| | Creation Myths 3 |
| | Kamui sent Aioina, the divine man, down from heaven to teach the Ainu how to hunt and to cook. | | | When Aioina returned to heaven after living among the people and teaching them many things, the Gods all held their noses, crying, "What a terrible smell of human being there is!" | | | The first people, the Ainu, had bodies of earth, hair of chickweed, and spines made from sticks of willow. |
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http://www.dreamscape.com/morgana/miranda.htm
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| | E Law: Toward a Genuine Redress for an Unjust Past: The Nibutani Dam Case |
| | [8] For the English text of the Act, please see Ainu History at 1172. | | | In this report, the government admitted that the Ainu people may be referred to as the minority in Article 27 because they preserve their own religion and language and maintain their own culture. | | | This is what the Ainu people have been seeking for many years from the Japanese government as redress for the historical injustices imposed on them. |
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http://www.murdoch.edu.au/elaw/issues/v4n2/sonoha42.html
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| | NIE Online Lesson - Land of the Ainu |
| | Why do you think such stories were created and have been kept alive through the generations? | | | Read through all of them, if you have time, from the Water-wagtail to the Water-ouzel. | | | Room 3, A Life Guided by Kamuy, explains how the natural world influences Ainu life. |
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http://www.learnersonline.com/weekly/lessons03/week36
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| | NodeWorks - Japan: Society & Culture: Ancient Cultures: Ainu |
| | List of common Ainu words and their English translations. | | | This category is for sites in English related to Ainu culture in Japan, including its lifestyle, origins, history, language, and related topics. | | | Life story of John Batchelor (1854-1944), an English missionary who became the first westerner to learn the Ainu language, record its grammar in English, and make the Ainu known to the western world. |
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http://asia.dir.nodeworks.com/Japan/Society_and_Culture/Ancient_Cultures/Ainu
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| | The UN Works for Cultural Diversity: Endangered Language of the Ainu |
| | Nature is a dominant theme in Ainu culture, with the natural beauty of Hokkaido, with its dramatic coastline, snow capped mountains and wide green valleys, providing the perfect setting and inspiration. | | | Shigeru has dedicated his life to preserving the ancient oral traditions of his people, but it has been a lonely battle. | | | Ainu men were encouraged to shave their beards and tie their hair, and the women's traditional practice of applying blue facial tattoos was banned. |
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http://www.un.org/works/culture/japan_story.html
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| | ainu |
| | The Ainu practically lost all autonomy, lost all former land (being resettled), and lost all freedom (forced into labor) (Siddle 46). | | | Ainu identity, as hinted to by Miles, was influenced by its relationship with Wajin. | | | Outposts of Civilization: Race, Religion, and the Formative Years of American-Japanese Relations. |
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http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~copeland/ainu.html
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| | Ainu on Encyclopedia.com |
| | Their religion is highly animistic and centers on a bear cult; a captive bear is sacrificed at an annual winter feast and his spirit, thus released, is believed to guard the Ainu settlements. | | | Ainu (Feature) 5 31 0748 FEATURE: Ainu stories reprinted for Yukie Chiri's centennial | | | Ainu Language (Feature) 6 7 0634 FEATURE: Efforts to preserve Ainu language continue |
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http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/A/Ainu.asp
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| | Ethnologue 14 report for language code:AIN |
| | Ainu has not been determined to be related linguistically to any other language. | | | The Ainu in China is a different, unrelated language. | | | The Ainu spoken in China is a different, unrelated language. |
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http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=AIN
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| | Japan - Ainu |
| | Although no longer in daily use, the Ainu language is preserved in epics, songs, and stories transmitted orally over succeeding generations. | | | Distinctive rhythmic music and dances and some Ainu festivals and crafts are preserved, but mainly in order to take advantage of tourism. | | | The second largest minority group among Japanese citizens is the Ainu, who are thought to be related to the Tungusic, Altaic, and Uralic peoples of Siberia. |
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http://countrystudies.us/japan/57.htm
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| | Ainu of Japan |
| | Excerpt: "This exhibit is the first to celebrate both the contemporary expression of Ainu ethnicity and the experiences of the Ainu past." | | | Excerpt: "The Ainu Museum, popularly known as 'Porotokotan' was established in 1976 as the Shiraoi Foundation for the Preservation of Ainu Culture. | | | Ainu People Today - 7 Years after the Culture Promotion Law |
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http://www.ankn.uaf.edu/ainu.html
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| | A World of Wonder - My Japan Experience |
| | The Ainu are a native people of Hokkaido, who have lived in Hokkaido for around ten thousand years. | | | I found a nice website which tells more about the Ainu, if you are interested in reading more about them, click here to visit it. | | | They are made from trees, whittled from the wood. |
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http://www.siec.k12.in.us/cannelton/fmfjapan/ainu.html
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| | Graduate student co-organizes 300-piece Ainu exhibition |
| | When I told him this was natural he didn’t believe me and I was punished.” | | | At Chisato’s insistence, the exhibition contains a section devoted to contemporary Ainu art. | | | The Ainu people of Japan, victims of centuries of social discrimination, lost territory and political and economic subjugation, are relatively unknown beyond their homeland where some would prefer to think of them as a people of the past. |
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http://ring.uvic.ca/99oct29/grad.html
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| | Ainu Dog |
| | The Ainu originated in the mountainous regions of Hokkaido Island and was brought to Japan by the ancient Ainus. | | | This courageous, self-confident, very alert dog is docile and affectionate with his owners. | | | The Ainu Dog has a remarkable sense of direction. |
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http://www.furrycritter.com/resources/dogs/Ainu_Dog.htm
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| | Ryukyu and Ainu Textiles |
| | By making these traditional garments such as the attus, Ainu women not only clothed their families but perhaps protected them from evil as well! | | | The applique and embroidery work was always done by women, From mother to daughter, this unique tradition was handed down from generation to generation. | | | Ainu culture is different from Japanese culture, and the traditional clothing is different as well. |
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http://www.kyohaku.go.jp/eng/dictio/data/senshoku/ryui.htm
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| | The Samurai And The Ainu |
| | The Ainu and their origin have always been rather mysterious, with some people claiming that the Ainu are really Caucasian or proto-Caucasian - in other words, "white." At present, Brace's study denies this interpretation. | | | Brace has studied the skeletons of about 1,100 Japanese, Ainu, and other Asian ethnic groups and has concluded that the revered samurai of Japan are actually descendants of the Ainu, not of the Yayoi from whom most modern Japanese are descended. | | | The eye of the predicted storm will be the Ainu, a "racially different" group of some 18,000 people now living on the northern island of Hokkaido. |
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http://www.science-frontiers.com/sf065/sf065a01.htm
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| | Ogaki Report - Ainu culture |
| | Through the help of Yoshida-sensei of the Sapporo School of the Arts I was fortunate to be able to meet a couple of Ainu activists who are working to preserve their language and culture. | | | From the 15th century on the Ainu fought numerous battles against the "wa-jin", the ethnic Japanese, but as the wa-jin expanded their political influence northward the Ainu were forced to either assimilate or retreat to the northernmost islands. | | | Ainu are a northern hunting and fishing people, part of the Siberian "Okhotsk" culture. |
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http://mission.base.com/pictures/ogaki_reports/20000207/ainu.html
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| | Ainu |
| | Ainu, or those claiming to be Ainu, may still | | | Today, many anthropologists believe that the Ainu may be a separate race; recent findings suggest that the Ainu may be the last survivors of a people who inhabited the islands of Japan for at least 7,000 years. | | | The first comprehensive attempt to study Ainu culture was not undertaken until 1968 and by that time, the Ainu population had already dwindled considerably and they themselves had, in large part, begun assimilating with the Japanese and became absorbed into the general population. |
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http://d21c.com/zenegata/ainu18.html
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| | Ainu-English Word List |
| | There seem to have been some in the original, but I couldn't be sure what was correct and what was wrong, so I just copied what I found there. | | | Those who understand the nature of language relationships will know how to use this little bit of data, and many others can learn, but there will always be those who just jump on chance resemblances to declare that Ainu is related to some distant and little-known language. | | | Another irregularity is that the data mixes classical and colloquial Ainu, as well as dialects from different areas, such as Sakhalin and Hokkaido. |
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http://www.raccoonbend.com/languages/ainuenglish.html
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| | Ainu |
| | Their language has no written form, and is unrelated to any other. | | | The Ainu were recognized by the Japanese government as a minority people in 1991. | | | Helicon Publishing is a division of Research Machines plc. |
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http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0023774.html
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| | NOVA Online Island of the Spirits |
| | The Ainu believe that the world rests on the back of a giant trout, that otters caused human beings to be flawed, and that seeing an owl fly across the face of the moon at night is cause for great trepidation. | | | Find out why from missionary John Batchelor, who lived on Hokkaido for decades. | | | Welcome to the companion Web site to the NOVA program "Island of the Spirits," which leads viewers to Hokkaido, Japan, an otherworldly land of dense mountain forests, untamed creatures like the grizzly and wolf, and Japan's indigenous people, the Ainu. |
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http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/hokkaido
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| | Ainu |
| | The Ainu of Hokkaido are closely linked to the early Jomon culture. | | | Hunting and trapping for furs to trade with the Japanese became the Ainu way of life. | | | For a long time it was believed that the Ainu were the direct descendents of the Jomon people but we now know that the culture evolved over time before it became Ainu. |
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http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/cultural/oldworld/asia/ainu.html
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| | Ainu |
| | According to one of several theories, the Ainu are descendants of Mongoloid migrants who entered the Japanese islands before the Jomon period. | | | The Ainu are a people with a cultural and racial background which is different from that of the ethnic Japanese. | | | They were later displaced and assimilated, when the ethnic Japanese expanded their territory northernwards. |
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http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2244.html
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| | Ainu Dog |
| | This breed came from Japan where it was used for hunting various game, even bear. | | | The ainu dog can be viewed in a picture provided by the breeders. | | | Make a list of family reunion things and pictures relatives should bring and send it to them or post it on the fammily web sites. |
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http://www.gotpetsonline.com/ainu-dog/ainu-dog.html
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| | Secret of Sakhalin Island (Karafuto) |
| | This is an old Russian map which was drawn after Mamiya's trip and still follows the habit of the western world at that period: the geographic names of the area are noted in Japanese, for example Strait of Mamiya instead of Strait of Nevelskoi and Karafuto instead of Sakhalin. | | | If you want to know more about the history of the region, you have to study Japanese and Russian languages. | | | Here is a collection of Sakhalin related Web pages, including the territorial dispute over Kuril Islands and Ainu (indigenous people of the region). |
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http://www.karafuto.com
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| | To Ainu |
| | Please Visit Ainu: Spirit of a Northen People at: |
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http://www.mnh.si.edu/arctic/html/ainu.htm
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